Profile-Guided Automatic Inline Expansion for C Programs (PostScript version, PDF version)
Pohua P. Chang, Scott A. Mahlke, William Y. Chen, and Wen-mei W. Hwu
Software Practice and Experience, May 1992, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 349-369

This paper describes critical implementation issues that must be addressed to develop a fully automatic inliner. These issues are: integration into a compiler, program representation, hazard prevention, expansion sequence control, and program modification. An automatic inter-file inliner that uses profile information has been implemented and integrated into an optimizing C compiler. The experimental results show that this inliner achieves significant speedups for production C programs.


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