Register Connection: A New Approach to Adding Registers into Instruction Set Architectures (PostScript version, PDF version)
Tokuzo Kiyohara, Scott Mahlke, William Chen, Roger Bringmann, Richard Hank, Sadun Anik, Wen-mei Hwu
Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, San Diego, CA, May 17-19, 1993, pp. 247-256

Code optimization and scheduling for superscalar and superpipelined processors often increase the register requirement of programs. For existing instruction sets with a small to moderate number of registers, this increased register requirement can be a factor that limits the effectiveness of the compiler. In this paper, we introduce a new architectural method for adding a set of extended registers into an architecture. Using a novel concept of connection, this method allows the data stored in the extended registers to be accessed by instructions that apparently reference core registers. Furthermore, we address the technical issues involved in applying the new method to an architecture: instruction set extension, procedure call convention, context switching considerations, upward compatibility, efficient implementation, compiler support, and performance. Experimental results based on a prototype compiler and execution driven simulation show that the proposed method can significantly improve the performance of superscalar processors with a small or moderate number of registers.

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